Wednesday, January 23, 2013

The Earth's Immune Response- A Review of the Hot Zone


The Hot Zone by Richard Preston is a chilling read about one of the most lethal viruses known to man: Ebola Virus. Written in 1994, after a trip Preston took to Kenya, the book details the history, most virulent outbreaks, and future of this biohazard level 4 agent. First seen in 1967, the virus ravaged a small town in Germany with the virus delivered by an African monkey importing and exporting trade. Here the virus was named Marburg. By 1989 three other deadly filoviruses (or wormlike viruses) that cause hemorrhagic fever had been discovered: Ebola Sudan, Ebola Zaire, and Ebola Reston. Each is named for the river in the Congo where the virus is thought to have originated (the Ebola River) and for the place where the first outbreak of the strain occurred. In The Hot Zone, Preston focuses especially on the emergence of Ebola Reston. This particular strain sprang up in 1989 at the Reston monkey house in the suburbs of Washington D.C. It was contained by a quiet, but intense operation supervised by the Army. But with a highly contagious and vicious agent we can never be sure when or where it will strike next.

            This book is terrifying because of the factual nature of the horrific events that this virus has caused and because this virus has flown under the radar, almost unnoticed by most of the world. It is a virus that combines the worst of the flu, rabies, and AIDS. It is fast mutating and, were it to become more efficient and airborne, it could wipe out 90% of the human population on this earth within a year. We would have no time to find a cure or protect ourselves; we would be entirely at the mercy of nature’s wrath. It would be a quick and devastating end to civilization as we know it, but most people do not even know that this threat exists. Scientists too are still in the dark when it comes to Ebola. They have yet to find its natural host, its origins, or its inner workings, though there are many theories. This elusiveness only enhances the power of this virus, exploiting our weaknesses as a society. But it is also what makes this book so powerful and arresting.

            So often we humans play God. We think we have conquered nature and this planet. We think our civilization will resist all that nature can throw at us. Yet we are wrong.  We are often reminded that humans are small, fragile, and at the mercy of the planet.  We take without considering the consequences and, as a result, we sometimes unleash nature’s fury. There is a theory (substantiated by a good amount of evidence) that points to the rainforests in central Africa as the birthplace of AIDS, Ebola, and many other emerging viruses. But we are destroying these rainforests, these reservoirs of life, and in the process unleashing these viruses from the jungle and giving them free reign to terrorize civilization. In the words of Richard Preston “In a sense the earth is mounting an immune response. . . attempting to rid itself of an infection by the human parasite.” Perhaps it is time we rethought our place in this world as subservient to the will of nature and not as Gods without repercussions. Ebola virus will strike again but when it does, will we be ready? Or will the human race be destroyed from the inside out, by a microscopic organism with an insatiable desire to live?

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